LPG Vaporizer-Reducer
LPG vaporizers-reducers are components of autogas systems that use vapor-phase LPG. Today, these are almost exclusively fourth-generation automotive LPG systems, meaning sequential gas injection in the vapor phase. In such systems, the vaporizer-reducer changes LPG from the liquid phase in which it is stored in the tank into the vapor phase, which is then delivered through gas injectors into the intake ports of the individual cylinders of an engine adapted for LPG fueling.
The phase change occurs in the part called the vaporizer, which is heated by the engine’s coolant. The reducer is connected to the cooling system during installation of the LPG system. Thanks to the thermal energy supplied via the coolant, LPG evaporation is intensified and the amount of vaporized gas increases, ensuring that the reducer provides adequate performance for engines of the required power (in HP).
In addition to evaporating LPG (changing it from liquid to vapor phase), the reducer also maintains the proper vapor pressure at which the gas is delivered—through a filter and pressure sensor—to the gas injectors.
Sometimes the vaporizer-reducer is integrated with an LPG solenoid valve that opens the flow of gas from the tank, as well as with a liquid-phase filter equipped with a replaceable cartridge.
LPG Vaporizer-Reducer – when is repair or replacement needed?
The LPG reducer is a mechanical component subject to natural wear and potential loss of tightness, both in the water chamber connected to the cooling system and in the gas section. Over time, the reducer’s valves may lose tightness, and the membranes may lose the elasticity required for correct operation.
The durability of LPG reducers varies considerably and depends on many factors. In general, a reducer works properly for approximately 80,000 to 120,000 km, although cases of much shorter lifespan (around 50,000 km) as well as significantly longer durability exceeding 120,000 km are also observed.
Diagnosing an LPG Reducer
Diagnosing the operation of an LPG reducer without proper tools is not possible. Therefore, periodic inspections of the LPG system should be carried out in specialist workshops, which can detect the first symptoms of reducer malfunction.
The user can only observe the reducer’s condition based on the behaviour of the car in which it is installed.
Examples of symptoms indicating increased wear or damage to a vaporizer-reducer may include:
- coolant leaks,
- gas leaks (detectable gas smell),
- difficulty starting the engine, especially after a long stop,
- increased gas consumption,
- unstable idle speed,
- frosting of the reducer housing.
Regeneration of an LPG Vaporizer-Reducer
Manufacturers also allow reducers to be regenerated using dedicated repair kits designed for specific models. These contain components that wear out during use. Regeneration may be an alternative to replacing the reducer.